As an example, a typical refrigeration circuit of an air conditioner, can, by tracing the refrigerant flow, be classified as a heat pump. The equipment for air conditioning mounted in cars includes the following. Basic of air conditioning 1 free download as powerpoint presentation. Ueeneej104a establish the basic operating conditions of air. Temperature t2 enthalpy leaving air h 2 leaving air w. The teaching of basic science often involves what are known as lies to children, and. Ueeneej104a establish the basic operating conditions of air conditioning systems. An air conditioner ac in a room or a car works by collecting hot air from a given space, processing it within itself with the help of a refrigerant and a bunch of coils and then releasing cool air into the same space where the hot air had originally been collected. They think that an air conditioner functions by pumping cool air into their home. Title artculated, performancebased instruction objectives. Figure the latent heat of vaporization that water vapor stores is released when the vapor condenses to a liquid. Ueeneej104a establish the basic operating conditions of.
Vav variable air flow, constant supply temperature fig 210 dual duct warm and cold streams are mixed at each zone or controlled space, constant air flow figure 211. When ac theory is introduced, and especially when there is a bias towards radio frequencies, the very first new idea required by many people at least is a correct understanding of the word electricity. One way to think of it is that the heat that the refrigerant absorbed in the evaporator, or heat sponge area, is squeezed out of the refrigerant in the condenser. By 1996, air conditioners were being installed as standard in more than one in four newly registered vehicles. Orems theory of selfcare deficit proposes relationships between selfcare performance and a basic conditioning factors, b selfcare agency, and c dependentcare agent performance. Air conditioning and refrigeration uses this point of refrigeration theory by causing refrigerant to cool and condense in the condensing unit.
Refrigeration systems have gas installed in a series of tubes. The danfoss product range for the refrigeration and air. To an area where it makes little or no difference to the user or homeowner. This portable document format pdf file contains bookmarks, thumbnails, and hyperlinks to help you navigate through the document. Water air induction figure 224 fan coil figure 214 motel type. I will start this air conditioning basics tutorial on a very simple and nontechnical level with laymans terms, and then discuss technical details later.
When 1 pound of ice melts, it absorbs 144 btu, as latent energy. Fundamentals of hvac controls the application of heating, ventilating, and airconditioning hvac controls starts with an understanding of the building and the use of the spaces to be conditioned and controlled. An analysis would start at the evaporator where cold liquid is changed into a gas as it picks up heat from room air passing over the coil. Air conditioning 101 learn basic terms for home hvac. Water is a common material that can exist in all three states. Differential charges electromotive force ohms law volts, ohms, amps and watts electrical paths conductors and insulators resistive and inductive loads and much more as always if you have an iphone subscribe hereand if you have an. As air heats up, it expands and therefore weighs less. Air conditioning and refrigeration industry onet codes 499031.
Apr 28, 2017 a major difference between refrigeration and air conditioning is the point of supply for the gases. Balamugundansenior lecturerpanimalar engg college refrigeration and air conditioningrefrigeration. Whether in homes, offices or vehicles, its purpose is to. Explain the basics of heat theory and the basic principles of refrigeration. In cooperation with you, we will develop tailored solutions geared to the individual requirements of your process. Ac motors are widely used to drive machinery for a wide variety of applications. It can be defined as the process of transferring heat from a low temperature regionto a high temperature region. Basic concepts about the refrigeration circuit and air conditioning system. Take the simpleair air conditioning 101 lesson and learn the basic terms and components you will need to know to begin properly maintaining your home system. Air conditioning theory typical ac operating conditions 325 psig on the condenser side. Air conditioning is the process of conditioning the air in a space to maintain a. Hvac systems and maintenance are easy to understand and maintain once you have a basic knowledge of how the system is set up and runs. Guide for air conditioning, refrigeration, and heating.
Air conditioning theory there are two laws that are significant to understand the basic refrigeration cycle and air conditioning. However, first lets understand air conditioning theory, the basic principle, types of heat, how heat transfers and i will show you how the basic refrigeration cycle diagram works. Theory and applications 7 contents 8 air conditioning 110 8. Field electricity when ac theory is introduced, and especially when there is a bias towards radio frequencies, the very first new idea required by many people at least is a correct understanding of the word. Air conditioning often referred to as ac, ac, or air con is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an occupied space to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning engineering by w p jones pdf refrigeration. But your air conditioner actually removes warm air and recirculates it as cool air. An air conditioning system has to handle a large variety of energy inputs and outputs in and out of the building where it is used. In this type of system, electrical precipitators remove the dust particles from the air. Air conditioner simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Above 212f 100c, at sea level air pressure, it exists as steam, which is a gas. An air conditioner evaporates refrigerant contained in the indoor coil and absorbes heat from air passing over the coil. Chapter 7 heating, ventilation, and air conditioning 127 figure 73 air conditioning with the vapor compression cycle the exterior, aircooled condensing unit should be kept free from plants and debris that might block the flow of air through the coil or damage the thin fins of the coil.
To create this article, 11 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. It is the process of controlling and maintaining the properties of airlike temperature, humidity, purity, direction of flow etc in a closed space. Air conditioners exploit this feature of phase conversion by forcing special chemical compounds to evaporate and condense over and over again in a closed. Know later, that refrigeration is an integral component of airconditioning. For air conditioning calculations, the value of standard air is used for altitudes up to 2,000 ft.
A major difference between refrigeration and air conditioning is the point of supply for the gases. Selfstudy programme 208 air conditioner in the motor vehicle. Basic principles of refrigeration air conditioning, heating. When a liquid evaporates or boils change of state heat is absorbed by the liquid. Air conditioning refrigeration california department of. Multizone warm and cold streams are mixed at the central fan coil unit.
A ir conditioning adjusts the temperature, humidity, air flow, and air purity for the air in the passenger compartment according to the usage objective and maintains a uniform state. The first component of your air conditioning system is temperature control. All control systems operate in accordance with few basic principles but before we discuss these, lets address. In additionto the automatic icemaker in the freezer compartment, it has an option for a cold waterdispenser, a cube or crushed ice dispenser, and a liquid dispenser built into the door. This warming and cooling of the air is usually referred to as winter and summer air conditioning. Click on the doe seal below to move to the overview. This signals the air conditioner that it is time to turn on. May 09, 2012 hvac basic concepts of air conditioning 1. Refrigeration and air conditioning theory hindi book for iti students d. If air is the source of heat, the air will be cooled by the loss of heat. In this episode of hvac school, bryan talks to his boys about basic electrical theory and they talk about. In the past, this was done by collecting ice in the winter and using its specific heat to cool as the ice melted. Length of training program sponsors shall establish a minimum five 5 years program of not less than 7,500 hours of onthejob training. This picture shows the direction of refrigerant and engine coolant flow in the system.
Air conditioning engineering pdf air conditioning engineering by w p jones this book is used in mechanical and aeronautical engineering. This article deals specifically with units used as part of a cooling system. To maintain the efficiency of the air conditioning system the compressor drive belt should be checked regularly. Basic air conditioning formulas to determine cooling total airflow infiltration or ventilation number of air changes per hour total number of air changes per hour outdoor air total heat ht sensible heat h s latent heat hl leaving air d. The design of the refrigerant circuit of an air conditioner is identical in. Nov 29, 2012 refrigeration and air conditioning notes 1. In construction, a complete system of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to as hvac. A textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning elaborates on the basics of this subject by including discussions on topics like multiple evaporator and compressor systems, simple and compound vapour compression refrigeration systems.
Standard air is dry air at sea level with a temperature of 70f. An air conditioner is a system or a machine that treats air in a defined, usually enclosed area via a refrigeration cycle in which warm air is removed and replaced with cooler air. When the air temperature rises above a preset level on your thermostat, the thermostat sends a signal to the air conditioner. The air conditioning problem analysisdesign process. Thermodynamics first law explains that energy cannot be neither created nor destroyed, but can be changed from one form to another. Text headings in each module are linked to and from the table of contents for that module.
Air humidity humid air contains water in a vaporous state. With central systems, the primary conversion from fuel such as gas or electricity takes place in a central location, with some form of thermal energy distributed throughout the building or facility. To understand how these motors operate, a knowledge of the basic theory of operation of ac motors is necessary. Jan 11, 2020 wikihow is a wiki, similar to wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are cowritten by multiple authors.
Apart from the described products for refrigeration and air conditioning applications, we offer a comprehensive standard program for the measurement of pressure, temperature and level. The term ventilation is applied to processes that supply air to or remove air from a space by natural or mechanical means. Document resume ed 251 645 ce 040 232 author henderson, william edward, jr. In old refrigerators, this gas was chloroflourocarbon, or cfc, but this has harmful effects. The air conditioning compressor is driven by a drive belt that is pooured by the engine and can be engaged and disengaged by an electromagnetic coil on the front of the compressor fig.
Chapter 7 heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. The air conditioning pack conditions the bleed air to the proper temperature and humidity and delivers it to the air distribution system for environmental control of the cabin and flight deck. It is intended for those engineers, architects and construction professionals who are only peripherally involved with hvac systems in their professional activities, but would like to learn more about. In old refrigerators, this gas was chloroflourocarbon, or cfc, but this has harmful effects on people, so refrigerators not contain hfc4a. Auxiliary fan stage 2 stage 2 of the auxiliary fan is not cut in by the air conditioning control unit. Theory of air conditioning how air conditioning works governmental regulations system inspection. The modules listed in the overview are linked to the corresponding pages.
If the cooling water exceeds a value above 99 o c or if the medium pressure switch has closed, stage 2 cuts in by means of a relay. Basics of air conditioning most people dont realize how their central air conditioner actually works. In some large airconditioning systems, air is cleaned by electricity. Air conditioner simple english wikipedia, the free. When a liquid converts to a gas in a process called phase conversion, it absorbs heat. These sprays may also serve to humidify or dehumidify the air to some extent.
The condition of the air is characterised by temperature, pressure and humidity. Designed for students and professional engineers, the fifth edition of this classic text deals with fundamental science and design principles of air conditioning engineering systems. Basic concepts of air conditioning prepared exclusively for coach leatherware 2. Air conditioning can be used in both domestic and commercial environments. The air conditioning system is controlled by selecting the cabin. How to understand the basic operation of the home air. Refrigeration and air conditioning notes free download as word doc. This article will breakdown the four basic components and explain how they work in conjunction with each other. Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an area or a substance and is usually done by an artificial means of lowering the temperature, such as the use of ice or mechanical refrigeration.
Automotive air conditioning system theory freeautomechanic. Brazing, soldering, welding, installation practices, rigging and piping 4. This is an introduction to air conditioning systems frequently referred to as hvac systems heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems. This interactive multimedia training cdrom on refrigeration theory covers the fundamental principles of refrigeration in airconditioning. The cdrom explains the relationship between pressure and temperature. Water sprays can be used to recondition the air by washing and cleaning it. Air conditioners exploit this feature of phase conversion by forcing special chemical compounds to evaporate and condense over and over again in a closed system of coils.
Room air conditioners racs are used mainly in single rooms in domestic areas. Customer demand for air conditioning is rising continually. Arac, 4th edition, volume 2, chapter 20 the main types of air conditioning and their uses are listed below. Pdf textbook of refrigeration and air conditioning by r. Air conditioners use refrigeration to chill indoor air, taking advantage of a remarkable physical law. This process is most commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment, typically for humans and other animals. May 21, 2007 as air heats up, it expands and therefore weighs less. Air conditioning is a process where heat is removed from an area that it is not wanted.
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